The Document Object Model (DOM) defines a standard way for accessing and manipulating HTML documents. The DOM presents an HTML document as a TREE-STRUCTURE. The DOM is a W3C (World Wide Web Consortium) standard. The W3C Document Object Model (DOM) is a platform and language-neutral interface that allows programs and scripts to dynamically access and update the content, structure, and style of a document.
The Document Object Model (DOM) is the model that describes how all elements in an HTML page, like input fields, images, paragraphs etc., are related to the topmost structure: the document itself.
DOM: The Tree and Node Structure
The HTML DOM views an HTML document as a tree-structure. The tree structure is called a node-tree. In the DOM, everything in an HTML document is a node. All nodes can be accessed through the tree. Their contents can be modified or deleted, and new elements can be created.
Note: The Root Node of DOM Tree is DOCUMENT.
document.documentElement - returns the root node of the document
document.body - gives direct access to the <body> tag
The nodes in the node tree have a hierarchical relationship to each other. On the basis of hierarchy, Nodes can be divided into three categories:
1. Parent Nodes
2. Child Nodes
3. Sibling Nodes: Child Nodes on the same level are called siblings (brothers or sisters).
2. Child Nodes
3. Sibling Nodes: Child Nodes on the same level are called siblings (brothers or sisters).
Example:
<p>This is a paragraph</p>
Here "p" is parent node and 'This is a paragraph' is a child node.
Note:
1. In a node tree, the top node is called the root
2. Every node, except the root, has exactly one parent node
3. A node can have any number of children
4. A leaf is a node with no children
5. Siblings are nodes with the same parent
2. Every node, except the root, has exactly one parent node
3. A node can have any number of children
4. A leaf is a node with no children
5. Siblings are nodes with the same parent
Nodes can also be classified as:
1. Element Nodes: Every HTML element is an element node
2. Text Nodes: The text in the HTML elements are text nodes. In the HTML DOM the value of the text node can be accessed by the innerHTML property.
3. Attribute Nodes: Every HTML attribute is an attribute node
4. Comment Nodes: Comments are also treated as nodes in DOM.
5. Document Node: It is the parent node of DOM.. The entire document is a document node
2. Text Nodes: The text in the HTML elements are text nodes. In the HTML DOM the value of the text node can be accessed by the innerHTML property.
3. Attribute Nodes: Every HTML attribute is an attribute node
4. Comment Nodes: Comments are also treated as nodes in DOM.
5. Document Node: It is the parent node of DOM.. The entire document is a document node
Example:
<p align="right">This is a paragraph</p>
Here "p" is element node, 'This is a paragraph" is a text node and "align" is the attribute node.
Node Properties
In the HTML DOM, each node is an object.Objects have methods and properties that can be accessed and manipulated by JavaScript. Three important node properties are:
1. nodeName
2. nodeValue
3. nodeType
2. nodeValue
3. nodeType
The nodeName Property
The nodeName property specifies the name of a node.
1. nodeName is read-only
2. nodeName of an element node is the same as the tag name
3. nodeName of an attribute node is the attribute name
4. nodeName of a text node is always #text
5. nodeName of the document node is always #document
2. nodeName of an element node is the same as the tag name
3. nodeName of an attribute node is the attribute name
4. nodeName of a text node is always #text
5. nodeName of the document node is always #document
Note: nodeName always contains the uppercase tag name of an HTML element.
The nodeValue Property
1. The nodeValue property specifies the value of a node.
2. nodeValue for element nodes is undefined
3. nodeValue for text nodes is the text itself
4. nodeValue for attribute nodes is the attribute value
3. nodeValue for text nodes is the text itself
4. nodeValue for attribute nodes is the attribute value
The nodeType Property
The nodeType property returns the type of node. nodeType is read only.
The most important node types are: Element Node, Text Node, Attribute Node, Comment Node and Document Node
The most important node types are: Element Node, Text Node, Attribute Node, Comment Node and Document Node
HTML DOM Methods:
x.getElementById(id) - get the element with a specified id
x.getElementsByTagName(name) - get all elements with a specified tag name
x.appendChild(node) - insert a child node to x
x.removeChild(node) - remove a child node from x
x.getElementsByTagName(name) - get all elements with a specified tag name
x.appendChild(node) - insert a child node to x
x.removeChild(node) - remove a child node from x
Note: In the list above, x is a node object (HTML element or node, say document).
HTML DOM Properties
x.innerHTML - the text value of x
x.nodeName - the name of x
x.nodeValue - the value of x
x.parentNode - the parent node of x
x.childNodes - the child nodes of x
x.attributes - the attributes nodes of x
x.nodeName - the name of x
x.nodeValue - the value of x
x.parentNode - the parent node of x
x.childNodes - the child nodes of x
x.attributes - the attributes nodes of x
Note: In the list above, x is a node object (HTML element or node, say <p>).
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